As filtering techniques become more sophisticated, circumvention tool providers must always update their technology and so methods and strategies are continually evolving.
Circumvention tools usually work by either diverting web traffic so it avoids the machines that filter or by disguising the traffic to appear like traffic that is not subject to filtering. Circumvention tools are designed to bypass interceptive technical forms of blocking online. Psiphon is part of a category of technology known as circumvention tools. In some places technical blocking affects everyday Internet use. Filtering can be done through devices and programs that analyze and forbid certain types of traffic to pass. When a system can differentiate between types of traffic passing through the network, it is potentially able to make decisions about that traffic. In order to block only certain types of traffic, the traffic must first be identifiable. They could be implementing filtering on behalf of another body, such as when an ISP filters content under orders of a government. Filtering and Censorsįiltering can occur at one or many points in the network, such as, the internet backbone (often the international gateway), ISPs, institutions (such as companies or schools), and even on an individual's device (such as a phone or desktop computer).Ĭensors are actors implementing filtering at any level. ISPs allow internet users to use their infrastructure, including "serving" content or providing access to other content that other ISPs "serve", usually for a fee. This is provided by Internet Service Providers (“ISPs”). In order to do this, specific networking and routing equipment is required. Traffic travels from router to router before arriving at their destination. To get from one location to another, web traffic (messages sent on the internet) make many hops. If one connection is severed, the redundancy of the web infrastructure allows people to connect by finding another route. The internet can be visualized as a web, with multiple routes and connections. These connected systems allow people to share (or “serve”) information to others.
The internet is a global network of billions of computers (or “routers”) which communicate with one another. It uses a combination of secure communication and obfuscation technologies to allow users to connect with apps and content which would otherwise be blocked. Psiphon is a free, open-source, censorship circumvention software. The following documents focus on the Psiphon 3 network, which is the most widely used. Psiphon operates a proxy system known as “Psiphon 2” as well as “Psiphon 3,” which is an application (“app”) for Android, Windows, and iOS. has provided open access to the Internet for millions of citizens around the world since 2006.
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